Online Shopping Is Very Popular All Over The World Essay

Internet has brought huge transformations in the lives of people all around the World. Ecommerce is one of the best applications of the Internet society. E Commerce reduces the time and distance between the manufacturer and the consumer. Gone are those days when people used to spend endless time waiting in long queues to buy and pay for their goods and services. Online shopping is very popular all over the world. Even third world countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are doing a variety of online businesses. USA has one of the biggest online markets. All retail businesses like Walmart, Target, Sears, Macy’s etc. are giving their customers the flexibility of online shopping. This gives the customers the ease of buying products online and delivered to their door step. The websites are made very interactive for the users. This is leading to increasing sales and profits for businesses. Customers can now access huge databases of products and services and can view any products detailed description and usage. The better information provided on the website the easier it is for the customer to make an informed decision. The required elements are: Images, technical specifications, features and benefits, categorization, cross references and year make model (Rick Weber, How to make eCommerce work, 2015). Users can very easily compare prices from different vendors to get the best deal. They can easily add items to their online shopping cart. Consumers can use coupons to getShow MoreRelatedOnline Shopping versus Traditional Retail Store639 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Shopping vs. Traditional Retail Store One of the most debatable decisions for most Americans during the sale event or holiday is whether to shop or not to shop. Especially, when considering that some of the online shopping websites such as Amazon and eBay are established. To shop online or to shop in the store has become a more practical question. I used to be a traditional shopper, but I changed my mind sometime over years since I found that shopping online is much cheaper and more convenientRead MoreThe Expansion and Uses of Internet Browers822 Words   |  4 Pagesexamples of some of the web browsers that are used throughout the world. These web browsers have become even more common as the years have gone by. People use them in their everyday life to accomplish tasks that they need to get done. The beginning of this profitable and popular invention all started back in 1990. Internet browsers have been around for the last 23 years. The first browser to be invented in 1990 was called the World Wide Web and then later was renamed to Nexus. The inventor that createdRead MoreOnline Shopping Habits1389 Words   |  6 Pages REVIEW OF LITERATURE ONLINE SHOPPING Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, and virtual store. An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or shopping center; the process is calledRead MoreOnline Shopping And Traditional Shopping756 Words   |  4 PagesShopping can be enjoyable for some people; however, it can also be a burden for others. The preference of the shopper really determines whether or not they have a pleasant experience and the time to look for their items. There are many similarities as well as differences with online shopping and traditional shopping. The main factors that I will be discussing are convenience, discounts and item availability. Convenience is really a significant factor with both types of shopping. As of the 2011 TimeRead MoreOnline vs Brick and Mortar844 Words   |  4 PagesJacobie COM170 10/27/2014 Laura L. Dorsey Online vs. Brick-and-Mortar Shopping One of the opportunities we have in today’s world is whether to buy online or go to a brick and mortar store to do our purchasing. The two offer great sales and promotions along with selections from which we can choose. As online shopping and brick and mortar may seem similar; however, both differ in pricing, convenience and selection. Discounts are offered both online and in store which makes it easy for theRead MoreEssay on E-Shopping837 Words   |  4 Pages E-Shopping Online shopping has impacted the economic, political and cultural development of the financial markets and the economy. Many consumers have been using the World Wide Web in order to purchase items. The computer technology has allowed consumers to use the internet to their convenience to shop. Online shopping has impacted the United States economy greatly. The impacts of online shopping have been advantageous as well as disadvantageous. The beneficial impacts of online shopping areRead MorePlaying Fields Between Offline And Online Stores1271 Words   |  6 Pagesoffline and online stores uneven? For example: Are you the type to window shop in real stores but buy in virtual stores? Online shopping has largely influenced consumers for over 30 years. However during its inception, many consumers still preferred to travel to a physical store location to purchase products as they were unsure about this new method of shopping but as time passed, more people jumped on the bandwagon and soon it became mainstream. The question now though, is that are the shopping fieldsRead MoreEssay Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) and the Global Economy1178 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The world we live in today, revolves around technology, new innovations and constant change. The global economy incorporates these changes into its daily applications forming a technological driven world where businesses thrive on information and competitive markets. Computers and communication networks have planted a seed in this information age where enterprises flourish forming revolutionized market economies. One of the most profound changes emerging in the world of business todayRead MoreElectronic Commerce and Page Load Speed1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfor 15 years, the appropriate ecosystem has now started to fall in place. The considerable rise in the number of internet users, growing acceptability of online payments, the more number of internet-enabled devices and favorable circumstances are the key factors driving the growth story of e-Commerce in the country. The number of users making online transactions has been on a rapid growth trajectory, and it is expected to grow from 11 million in 2011 to 38 million in 2015. Flipkart is a leading e-CommerceRead MoreThe Spread Of Internet Usage1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe retail sector. As can be seen, many retailers began to use online channels, as they take advantage of one of the most successful platforms of trade (Limayem et al., 2000; Levy and Weitz, 2001; Shim et al., 2001). The growth of new online shopping channels catches the attention of consumers who have become excited to try this new platform. Although Internet shopping channels seem to be growing, the growth of grocery shopping via online has been slower than other forms of retail (Yan and Opperwal

Influence Of Shakespeare On English Language - 793 Words

Shakespeare And The English Language William Shakespeare has influenced the English Language in many ways. Much of his work goes unseen since it is at a higher reading level and is more confusing. He uses a different way of writing, but it is fascinating and challenges the reader to interpret the reading in other ways. We also get many of our modern sayings from Shakespeare that are found in his writing. Some people may not think that Shakespeare has no impact on the English Language, but in reality we can see through the depth of his writing. Shakespeare has influenced the English Language in many ways through the depth and sincerity of his writing. Shakespeares writing is very different compared to other authors. It is†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare’s writing has also influenced our daily language by using the phrases he uses in his writing. We get several modern day phrases from Shakespeare’s writing. A common phrase that is used is â€Å"in a pickleâ₠¬  which means that one stuck or cannot find a solution. The phrase is from the play, The Tempest. Another phrase is â€Å"a wild goose chase† which means that someone sends you on a mission or task that is not existent. This phrase comes from Romeo and Juliet. We also get the phrase â€Å"be-all end-all† which is from the play Macbeth, and is used when he contemplates murdering King Duncan or not. His plays are also very popular since they incorporate drama and romance, so it reaches a larger audience. Some of his more popular writings are Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Hamlet, all have a unique story and are very popular. All of these phrases we get from Shakespeare show how he has influenced the English Language since these phrases are commonly used. Some people just see Shakespeare as just another writer and do not have the knowledge or do not see how he has influenced the English Language. When looking at Shakespeare’s writing and by analyzing it we can see the true meaning and depth behind the text. Even though his way of writing can be confusing and complex, it’s meaning and depth has a profound message. One reason that makes Shakespeare’s writing so popular is that it incorporates many different types of interestsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Influence On Modern Culture1090 Words   |  5 PagesSam Ebersole Mrs. Ruiz English 9A Period 1 19 November 2015 Shakespeare s Influence on Modern Culture William Shakespeare is one of the world s most influential people to ever live. â€Å"BBC audience survey names Shakespeare as Britain s Man of the Millennium.† (Andrews 2) Shakespeare’s works continue to be evident globally in modern society. Hundreds of years after William Shakespeare’s death, his influence continues to make an effect in the modern day English language, modern movies and filmRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The English Language1649 Words   |  7 Pagesand dramatist, William Shakespeare is one of the most influential and greatest writers up to this day in poetry and the English language. Known, for his many acclaimed works such as his famous plays, â€Å"Othello,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† etc. More than four hundred years have passed and William Shakespeare’s work still alive as if it was during the early ages of Shakespeare work. Shakespeare influenced ranges from literature, theater, films and even the English language. Especially, now daysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: A Legendary Author Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s intellectual use of the English language is what brought him prosperity throughout his lifetime, and what brings us to tears and laughter in the modern world. The life of Shakespeare is of great importance to English literature because of his many contributions including poetry, stories, and plays. However, many people do not know that he also owned a business. â€Å"William Shakespeare was a professional actor, a businessman, and a playwright. Today, nearly four hundred yearsRead MoreThe Most Influential Poet Of All Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Kenny Fancher Mrs. Sessions ENG 233 6 December, 2016 Shakespeare: The Most Influential Poet of All Shakespeare, the most recognizable and famed Author/Poet to ever live, is still such a largely loved and extremely relevant character even I today s society.. He is a widely acclaimed artist who over the span of his life has amassed many of followers and has been acknowledged by many as the greatest Dramatist of all time. He has accomplished many things throughout his life andRead MoreShakespeare - Why Is He Still so Widely Studied and Relavent Today?1582 Words   |  7 Pageswhy Shakespeare is relevant and so widely studied and performed today? Denise Ooi The History of Theatre Mrs 24 September 2008 For over four hundred years, the works of British playwright William Shakespeare has remained fundamental in the role of theatre, study of the English language and presumably, skills in the study of business management as critics claim. 1 Shakespeares works had cultured the stage all over the world as well as in the development of English literatureRead MoreEssay about Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare 1275 Words   |  6 Pagesstill finds joy in your company. A friend can also serve as a muse that inspires a person to greater heights. Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare had an enduring friendship that was intertwined with threads of rivalry (Ben Jonson). These men shared a common love of writing and both would impact the literary world in different ways. Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare had different experiences in life, styles of writing but both would leave a lasting mark on the literary world. Ben Jonsons life wasRead MoreShakespeare s Influence Of Writing954 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s staged life, a period in which his life is well known for, is what society knows him as today. The name Shakespeare today means English poet, actor, and play write. Shakespeare is regarded and considered by some the greatest writer in the English language. Being England’s nation poet he constructed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and other verses. His plays and works have influenced today’s theatres. Shakespeare’s intellect had nothing to do with facts but with ambition, intrigue, love, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Influence On The Course Of World History1440 Words   |  6 PagesEmerson, a famous essayist inspired by Shakespeare’s works. William Shakespeare was a renowned author, poet, actor, and playwright. He has contributed to many components of life today such as; founding modern English language, contributing to literature, contributing to mo dern theater, and contributing many of his works to modern English. William Shakespeare has greatly impacted the course of world history. William Shakespeare was believed to be born on April 23,1564, in his hometown of Stratford-upon-AvonRead MoreCinthio Source In Othello892 Words   |  4 PagesWebquest on Othello by William Shakespeare - Areeb Shaikh Go to the Wikipedia page for the play and scroll down to the section labelled â€Å"Cinthio source†. Why, do you think, there were so many similarities between Shakespeare’s play and this â€Å"source†? There are so many similarities between Othello and this source because Othello is an adaption of Cinthio’s tale, â€Å"Un Capitano Moro,† which was in Gli Hecatommithi (1565), a collection of one hundred tales. In Cinthio’s play there is a character namedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare as the Greatest Genius in British Literature1014 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare as the Greatest Genius in British Literature Even after four centuries, the literary world remains to uphold Shakespeare as the greatest genius in British literature. While best known as a dramatist, Shakespeare was also a distinguished poet. Shakespeares extraordinary gifts for complex poetic imagery, mixed metaphor, and intelligent puns, along with insight into human nature are the characteristics that created the legend he is today. The following essay will address how

Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Answer: Introduction The following is a case assessment for patient Kasim, aged 49 years old suffering from cholecystitis. The report will be based on clinical reasoning cycle. It is a model which nurses and clinicians use to collect cues, information processing, understanding patient problem and implementing interventions, outcome evaluations and reflection on the learning process of a case study. The outline below shows a detailed assessment report for the patient. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gall bladder, (ICGT, 2014) and it occur major on patience of previous history of gall stones. Blockage of cystic duct contributes to the inflammation of the gall bladder. Common symptoms of the condition are the abdominal pain and severe prolonged pain. The patient is admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. The patients vitals are the blood pressure is 100/45; heart beat rate is 126 and temperature measuring 38.8oc. The patient further has pale dry mucous membrane his score on pain at the shoulder is at 7/10. For typical confirmed case, inflammation causes effects on the outside body. Pain occurs deeply with inspiration which often leads to breathe termination when the right upper quadrant causes pain. Another key observation is the yellowing of skin pr jaundice which is often a mild appearance. Patience who may have multiple conditions like diabetes and chronic illness and those with immune compromised immune ma y have vague symptoms which include fever and tenderness at a specific region, (Demehri Alam, 2014). The highest risk factor for cholecystitis is gall stones due to increased inflammation. The risk factors for gall stone s include gender, pregnancy, obesity , age, oral contraceptives and eight loss, (Greenberger Paumgartner, 2012). Typical examination for cholecystitis reveals presence of fever, tachycardia and tenderness in the right upper quadrant with rebounding, palpability of the gall bladder or fullness by 30%-40% and jaundice occurrence however it occurs on 25% of the patients. Symptoms of cholecystitis often appear suddenly or develop slowly for a period of time. These symptoms include severe abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, loose, light coloured tools, fever, abdominal cramp, chills, jaundice and itching, typical attacks last for 2-3 days depending on the person status. Complications can occur which include, pancreatic due to the inflammation, gall bladder perforation due t the infection, enlarged gall bladder, infection build upper and tear of the gall bladder. The most prevalent observed symptoms of cholecystitis are the upper pain in the abdomen, physical examination has tachycardia and the type of tenderness on right upper quadrate is missing from the information. In the case study blood tests are missing, in a case of cholecystitis, blood tests are done for the biomarkers of inflammation. These test include complete blood count and C- reactive protein and the assessment of levels of bilirubin for bile blockage assessment, (Friedman, 2015). In cholecystitis assessment of blood there is an increase in the white blood count with level range of 12,000- 15,000/mcL. The reactive protein is usually increased, bilirubin level is mildly elevated at 1-4 mg/Dl. Blood amino transferees are elevated. The elevation levels of the laboratory values depend on the degree of gall bladder inflammation. Abdominal upper quadrate on the right side is used as diagnosis for cholecystitis, (Strasberg, 2008). Ultra sound results suggest acute cholecystitis which illustrates gall stones, fluid with the gall bladder and the thickening of the gall bladder walls. CT scan diagnostics tests are also not utilised, however it is utilised in severe conditions such as gangrene or perforation. Boazs sign can be used for assessment as it applies on the right scapula and can be an alarm for acute cholecystitis. The patient is exhibiting various vital signs for cholecystitis however they are few for confirmation of diagnosis. Further diagnostic tests need to be done for the patient. A complete blood count should be conducted, and results obtained should be segregated into white blood cells, red blood cells, lymphocytes. The results obtained should be cross checked with reference values. the normal range of white blood cell is 4.3 10 g/l, red blood cell120-175 g/l and platelets 140-450g/l. Creatin levels should also be assessed, it is used as an indicator for renal function tests, normal values ranges at 0.60 1.7 mg/dl. Another focused assessment is BUN, which shows renal function perfusion and the dietary intake of carbohydrates and the level of protein metabolism, referenced based on the normal range values. Another important assessment to be carried is the urinalysis test. It is important for testing in acquisition of information regarding the disorders of the kidney and the lower urinar y tract, and associated disorders that affect urine composition. In the urinalysis assessment, data such as colour, gravity, the Ph and protein availability, red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, esterase, ketones, bilirubin and crystals casts are measured. In the preoperative assessment, the patient is experiencing pain at a scale score of 7/10, the acute pain is linked to the increased inflammation and the gall bladder dislocation. This can be largely attributed to the stone availability in the gall bladder, it causes blockage in the cystic duct thus causing acute pain in the right side. There is need for pre-operative assessment which is conducted to run from head to toe and running of objective assessments, which include test such as over the counter drugs, anti-coagulant drugs, smoking history, respiratory problems and nutritional status of the patient. Further focussed assessment of various body organs should be done, these include, the heat, abdomen and lungs. A complete ECG should be conducted so as to asses any previous myocardial infarction and chest x-rays. Full pain assessments and nausea should be done. The patient may appear to be ill with presence of fever and tachycardia, the patient pain score reveals elevated level of pain. Cholecystitis often results in the pain localized at the peritoneal area which causes inflammation and disturbance in the patient is characterized with a lot of pain. Physical examinations should be conducted efficiently and effectively. Accurate measurement soft he vital signs forms the basis of assessments. The physical exam guide should follow inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation and relevant tests such pelvic positioning. Procedure involves assessing the general appearance of the patient, if the patient is moving around and is not able to find comfortable positions, can be an indicative of renal colic while abdominal scars may be an indicative of distension. Laboratory tests conducted can be no specific and are used to boost the evidence of clinical support, (Liau, Teh Serrablo, 2014). Initials test include complete blood count, leukocytosis is observable in cholecystitis. Urinalysis tests can be able to identify any urinary infection. Chest x rays can be done on the patent as this will assist in ruling respiratory causes of pain. Fluid balance measure can be used to assess the patient, the ratio of intake and output of the patient are used. This data on the patient reflects causes of fluid imbalance such as decrease and increase in fluid levels. Even though laboratory findings may appear to suggest presence of cholecystitis, imaging might be conducted. Procedures such as ultra sonography might be conducted, which asses the right upper quadrate, gall stones can be observed using the ultrasound. Conducting Murphy sign by sonographic method is done by applying pressure on the transducer of the ultra sound linking to the gall bladder and displayed on the screen. Computer tomography can be utilized to assess the patient. Acute condition state, with similarities as gall bladder, edema on the walls and fluid in the periphery can be displayed. Ultra sonography is the readily and more accurate tool for assessment of cholecystitis, (RUQ, 2017) In a more precise manner on tests and assessments for the patient, maintenance of accurate records of intake and output data in fluid management are essential. Skin assessments and the mucous membranes for this patient are evident; they provide clear information on the fluid state and circulating volume of fluid. Monitoring of vital signs and the presence of nausea, cramps on the abdomen, seizures and depressions on the respirations are useful for identification of deficiencies which are associated like decline in sodium, potassium, and chloride. Encourage the patient to perform regular oral hygiene proper treatment mouth wash, this assist in decreasing the dryness of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Conclusion Hence in the patient assessment there is need to focus planning goals on pain management with an aim of alleviating pain. Prompt diagnosis of the patient is effective in the overall care strategy, (Baron Grimm, 2015). There is need for maintaining balance of the fluid and the electrolytes in the body of the patient. Clear respiratory are essential for respiratory ability of the patient. In patient assessment, there is need for comprehensive history evaluation and effective physical and laboratory examinations, as this ensures clear and appropriate diagnosis of cholecystitis condition. Reference Baron, T. H., Grimm, I. S. (2015). Nonsurgical management of cholecystitis: a tailored approach. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 82(6), 1037-1038. Demehri, FR; Alam, HB, (2014). "Evidence-Based Management of Common Gallstone-Related Emergencies". Journal of intensive care medicine. doi:10.1177/0885066614554192. PMID25320159. Friedman L.S. (2015). Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas Disorders. In Papadakis M.A., McPhee S.J., Rabow M.W. (Eds), Current Medical Diagnosis Treatment 2015. Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e Internal Clinical Guidelines Team, (2014). "Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis. Clinical Guideline 188": 101. PMID25473723. Liau, K. H., Teh, C., Serrablo, A. (2014). Management of acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis in emergency setting. Central European Journal of Medicine, 9(3), 357-369. RUQ Acute Cholecystitis -The Medical University of South, (2017). Carolinaacademicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/medstudents/.../ruqacutechole.pps. Accessed online 2017-05-04. Strasberg, SM, (2008). "Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (26): 280411. doi:10.1056/nejmcp0800929. PMID18579815.

Information Systems

How organizations can gain a strategic advantage with information systems The usefulness of utilizing appropriate information systems (IS) for efficient management is documented. It is worth saying that the advances in the application of advanced IT infrastructure has motivated organizations to develop and adopt I formation Systems (IS) and IT strategies to facilitate the design of business strategies. This process aims at supporting organizational missions and getting them on an edge of advantage over their competitors (Ramanathan, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The nature of the contemporary business environment has necessitated that organizations design mechanisms in delivering on their objectives. Studies reveal that information systems have this potential to offer strategic advantages to organizations seeking greater performance. The following are some of the ways through which IS may lend numerous advantages to organizations. Strategic IS helps organizations to gain competitive advantages through contributing toward organizational goals. Organizations can gain from the efficiencies offered by IS strategic placements to substantially increase performance and productivity. A firm that obtains and implement IS systems have the ability to increase productivity and quality in the production processes. Computer applications such as cloud-based data systems have the capacity to reduce costs of IT that account for an increased expenditures of an organizations. The impact of digital economy is enormous and firms should take advantage of the strategic cost-effectiveness of applying relevant IS strategies. Innovation and creativity is critical in delivering intended objectives. Firms can achieve this element by investing heavily in research and development (RD). studies on firms that invested substantial resources in RD recorded steady growth compared to firms that lagged behind in terms of application and use of IS enabled research and development. Organizations can reap from the usefulness of IT infrastructure in reaching a wide market. Supply chains remain the true examples of businesses that have gained profitability through the implementation of the best of breed IS strategies. Similarly, the intention of organizations is to remain a market leader in respect of price, quality and reliability. IS and IT systems have proven successful in leveraging organizations against increased operational costs. Using this intrinsic advantage, organizations can model their pricing structures in order to exercise price leadership. In addition, IS systems have the capacity of assisting firms to reach best quality customers who have the potential of moving firms to higher levels of returns and profitabilityAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contribution of an IS sourcing strategy toward gaining a strategic advantage Research documents that organizations with strong and efficient IS systems posses within themselves the ability to explore various market fundamentals that remain unexploited by firms with weak or no proper IS infrastructures. IS sourcing has far-reaching influence on a firm’s ability to create competitive advantage over and above its competitors in the industry. Businesses seek to gain competitive intelligence through informational search (Hira Hira, 2008). Informational advantages aim at enabling an organization to gain market knowledge. In ensuring that organizations achieve this goal, the management can adopt strategic IS. When an organization has enough information regarding its customer needs, supplier information, and information about their immediate competitors, they are likely to benefits from informational benefits compared to firm with little information about their respective market elements. Development of efficient and robust information system may be an expensive attempt to get things in place. Therefore, organizations that project to utilize such IS strategies may source IT services from vetted vendors. An excellent example could be the use of vendor-based cloud computing and data warehousing. Research estimates that organizations can cut on operational costs by about 30% with sourced IS systems. This draws from the fact that firms do not incur costs related to maintenance of IS infrastructure, labor and data security costs. Clearly, organizations end up with reduced costs translating to reduced market prices for their products. In this sense, firms implementing outsourced IS have the strategic advantage of modeling lower prices compared to firms that have extended IT costs. In return, firms can achieve to implement cost-leadership strategies capable of resulting in increased market share, image as well as building a strong brand image. Re view of Literature on Offshore IS Outsourcing In today’s business operations, offshore outsourcing has become the most popular form of business information outsourcing. The application of offshore information has Working Papers on Information Systems have the potential in moving organizations to higher levels of strategic business position. The application of IS offshore outsourcing demands a detailed comparison of various capabilities in order to achieve several objective. Firms engaged in offshore forms of outsourcing have the challenge of facing the barriers of language, cultural diversities, and differences in time zones as well as varied organizational cultures (Windle, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies reveal that the firms using offshore outsourcing in gaining strategic IS experiences changes in the internal arrangements of business departments or units. It is worth noting that engaging in offshore outsourcing means getting together with other firms to overcome the challenges of limited IT and IS elements. Ranganathan Balaji (2007) noted that in the process of acquiring an offshore IT infrastructure, an organization faces the challenges of strategic cultural orientation in order to align itself to the differences in culture (Chaffey, 2002). The end-users of the acquired IS system usually report the problem of working with the offshore team consisting o completely different cultures. Although the utilization of offshore IS has great potential in shifting the productivity of an organization toward a sustainable phase, such an organization should put up structures necessary to cushion itself against the challenges of diversity. Currently, firms have focused on the concept of strategic intelligence through developing plausible informational frameworks. The thinking behind this move has been that organizations wish ing to perform over and above the industry average must gain intelligence of the market in order to safeguard themselves against the vulnerabilities of lack of particular information concerning their operational environment. Ranganathan Balaji (2007) noted that firms might develop though two strategic ways in order to design their organizational capabilities. In a bid to obtain organizational capabilities, a firm may do so through making use of its past outsourcing experiences (Knaus, 2007). Proponents of capability thinking assert that companies that utilize their long-term past experiences have the capacity to outperform their immediate competitors because these set o accumulated experiences wilt be challenging or difficult to model of imitate by other participants in the same industry. On the other hand, capabilities may also be achieved not only through internal modalities but also through deliberate investment through organizational frameworks and routine (King, 1996). In rela ting critical capability thinking and IS offshore outsourcing, significant advantage would be gained though using the past outsourcing experience. It follows that organizations may gain substantially from the extreme importance of their past knowledge and skill with various vendors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ranganathan Balaji (2007) illustrates how organizations that used platforms of other firms to build their capacities. Regardless of the approach used, IS executives must be cautious about the necessary tools and resources necessary for creating strategic advantage through outsourcing. Distinct and specific advantages can be sought after by skillful analysis of the available vendors whose market positioning can help to yield multiple advantages. Although strategic outsourcing via offshore outsourcing has proven advantageous over a long period, studies have displayed challenges associated with this kind of IS sourcing. In his studies, Windle (2005) explores some of the potential problems that might accompany offshore outsourcing. He notes that often, firms that used this form experienced routine disruptions in general workflow, thus bringing about operational inefficiencies. Besides creating routine disruption to the organizational work practices, end users also experienced problem a rising from the operational problems. In a separate study conducted by Callon (1996), firms utilizing offshore outsourcing to gain strategic advantage inevitably faced problems of layoffs and imbalance in staff functions. Problems associated with sourcing for experienced staff to serve in foreign subsidiaries due to strategic partnership with offshore vendors afford numerous challenges (Hemmatfar, Salehi Bayat, 2010). A research conducted by Ahlemann (2009) reveals that firms that excel in offshore outsourcing have the capacity to design and advance high-level strategic processes. In this study to explore the relevance of strategic thinking, Ahlemann (2009) attempt to designate the concept of capability, as a systematic thinking on the facets of IS offshore. This systematic process involves the ability to identify relevant and plausible items in offshore outsourcing and assessment of the existing state of a firm in order to establish an appropriate route toward transition. Systemat ic thinking enables firms to routinely explore their connections and the desired strategic IS elements to formulate the most appropriate responses to the outsourcing needs (Sarker Sarker, 2009). The most important element of offshore outsourcing is systematic thinking aimed at ensuring that only applicable components applied in a bid to discover sustainable strategies (Callon, 1996; Lacity Rottman, 2008). Relationship Governance- it refers to the process of managing the relationship between the offshore vendor company and the firm seeking strategic offshore services. Usually managers from both ends must be willing to examine themselves against the contractual relationship sought after in order to realize a proper position without limiting the organization’s operational elements such as key success factors (CSFs), professional values, and organizational values and culture. Problems set in where organizations failed to manage relationships leading to the creation of the offsh ore alliances. In a study conducted to investigate the successful application of offshore management strategies, Hemmatfar, Salehi Bayat (2010) found that less effective firms in coordinating failed to invest adequately in the off-shoring structures and routines. A case in example is the MarketCo, which failed to invest in offshore structures due to inappropriate governance structures. Although creating a comprehensive contract schema can offer the best relationship protection mechanisms, studies show that the inability to unite this element with proper and appropriate Discussion of managerial challenges The process of attaining the strategic business advantage through establishing a plausible IS strategy remains a he challenge to most management in various organizations (Torkzadeh King, 2008). Although the application of IS systems and strategies have demonstrated to serve organizations, some firms have failed to benefit from their eminent advantages. Challenges of implementation of the relevant IS strategies range from choice of proper strategies that suit the conditions of the firm. Additionally, firms face the challenges of resistance to change as evidenced by lack of flexible organizational cultures. Firms that lag behind in terms of designing a sustainable set of organizational core values may be vulnerable to challenges of ineffective implementation of IS strategies (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, 2003) Inclusion in the entire process of seeking up to outsourcing offshore services demands that managers remain actively engaged. Studies on offshore outsourcing have documented that organizations whose managers remained reserved during the offshoring-experienced problems of managing relationships with the external vendor businesses (Blokdijk, 2008). Irregular meeting, uncoordinated strategies led to poor outcomes due to tendencies of withdrawing executive attention from the processes of off-shoring (Chaffey, 2002). Challenges of human resour ce management continue to face most firms trying to access global offshore vendor services. Since diversity among firms is eminent, firms must employ specialized tools such as software configuration management and collaboration tools to efficiently coordinate and distribute resources (Torkzadeh King, 2008). Managerial executives encounter challenges of identifying, acquiring, and deploying necessary HR capacities to manage internal and offshore utilities. Therefore, the management of an outsourcing firm should incorporate all the staff in the process of outsourcing to achieve unity of purpose. Cultural divert as a basic concept in business outsourcing can challenge the stability of an outsourcing as well as the outsourced firm. Both entities must compromise on their strict organizational cultures in order t appeal to the desirable mix of cultures gained from the strategic partnership. References Ahlemann, F., 2009. Towards a conceptual reference model for project management informa tion systems. International Journal of Project Management, 27(1), pp.19-30. Blokdijk, G., 2008. Outsourcing 100 Success Secrets: 100 Most Asked Questions: The Missing IT, Business Process, Call Center, Hr -Outsourcing to India, China and More Guide. London: Lulu.com. Callon, J.D., 1996. Competitive Advantage through Information Technology. New York: McGraw Hill, USA. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants., 2003. Information Technology Outsourcing. Web. Chaffey, D., 2002. E-business and E-C management. England: Prentice-Hall. Hemmatfar, M., Salehi, M., Bayat, M. (2010). Competitive Advantages and Strategic Information Systems. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), pp.1-11 Hira, R., Hira, A., 2008. Outsourcing America: the true cost of shipping jobs overseas and what can be done about it. New York, NY: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. King, W.R., 1996. Achieving global strategic advantage. Information Systems Management, 13 (4), p. 57. Knaus, M. , 2007. Macro E conomic Issues of Offshore Outsourcing. New York, NY: GRIN Verlag. Lacity, M.C., Rottman, J., 2008. Offshore outsourcing of IT work Electronic book: client and supplier perspectives. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Ramanathan, T.R., 2009. The Role of Organisational Change Management in Offshore Outsourcing of Information Technology Services: Qualitative Case Studies from a Multinational Pharmaceutical Company. Washingto, DC: Universal-Publishers. Ranganathan, C., Balaji, S., 2007. Critical Capabilities for Offshore Outsourcing of Information Systems. Working Papers on Information Systems. Sarker, S., Sarker, S., 2009. Exploring Agility in Distributed Information Systems Development Teams: An Interpretive Study in an Offshoring Context.Information Systems Research, 20(3), pp. 440- 461. Torkzadeh, G., King, W.R., 2008. Information Systems Off shoring: Research Status and Issues, MIS Quarterly, 32 (2), pp. 205- 225. Windle, L.P., 2005. Successful Strategic Outsourcing. Retrieved from https://www.facilitiesnet.com/equipmentrentaltools/article.aspx?id=2860 This essay on Information Systems was written and submitted by user Camilo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.